COP1 : Berlin , Germany The first ever COP is held wherein parties agree to the Berlin Mandate , which calls on specific , legallybinding targets to reduce developed countries ’ emissions .

COP3 : Kyoto , Japan The Kyoto Protocol is agreed upon , and this includes emissions ’ targets for the six major greenhouse gases . The United States signs but fails to ratify the Protocol .

COP13 : Bali , Indonesia The Bali Roadmap sets a timetable for negotiations for a new international agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol and include all countries , not only the developed ones . However , the Bali Action Plan did not require binding GHG targets for developing countries .

COP21 : Paris , France Delegates agree to the Paris Agreement , to keep the global temperature rise to well below 2 ° C . Critics state that COP21 completely failed to challenge the fossil fuel industry , and the power it holds over countries around the world .

COP23 : Bonn , Germany Prior to this conference , then-US President Donald Trump announced his intentions to pull out of the Paris Accord , which he subsequently went on to do . Countries in attendance agree to the ‘ Powering Past Coal Alliance ’, with a coal phase-out planned for 2030 for developed countries , and 2050 for the rest .

COP27 : Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt During a breakthrough agreement , developed countries agree to a historic lossand-damage fund , offering reparations to developing countries affected by climate change . Yet again , however , the conference failed to set real targets for clean energy transitions and reducing greenhouse gases . developing countries .

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