expensive at scale. This requires continuous innovation to identify viable alternatives. For example, feed additives for livestock are being explored as a way to reduce emissions more costeffectively. Walmart’ s approach involves system-level optimisation rather than isolated interventions.
If one change increases costs, it may be offset by efficiencies elsewhere in the value chain. The regenerative rice example illustrates this principle. While some practices may initially increase costs, savings from reduced inputs and higher yields can compensate.
This mirrors broader business innovation processes, where trade-offs are managed to deliver overall value.“ It’ s a problem-solving challenge, like any other business innovation,” Kathleen says.
Governance, trust and long-term value creation Walmart evaluates sustainability initiatives through three key lenses: business relevance, stakeholder alignment and capability. This ensures that efforts contribute to long-term shareholder value while addressing societal expectations.
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